AIM
To perform a Logical volume operations on the disk.
PROCEDURE
Step1: Start
Step2: Open a new terminal from system tools.
Step3: To display a menu.
· fdisk /dev/hda
· click n for new partition
· click l for logical partition
Step4: To mention the size give +5 = 0 occupying 5 cylinders.
Step5: Again click n for new partition and l for logical partitions.
Step6: Give size as +5M.
Here we are giving 2 partitions.
Step7: Change partition’s system ID type t.
· Partition number(1–11) : 11
· Hex code(type L to list codes) : L
· Code for LVM : 8e
· code(type L to list codes) : 8e
Step8: For second partition
· click t
· partition number(1–11) : 11
· code(type L to list codes) : 8e
· changed system type of partition 11 to 8e (Linux LVM)
Step9: To add a new partition table with rebooting give partprobe.
Step10: For listing
· fdisk –l
· pvcreate/dev/hdc10 /dev/hdc11
· pvdisplay to display
· now we created 2 physical volumes.
Step11: To merge.
· vgcreate /dev/vgo/hda10 /dev/hda11
Here volume geop will create
· vgdisplay
Lvcreate –l +25mb –n/dev/vgo /lvm2
· lvdisplay
Logical volume LVM2 created
Step 12: To format and use the size
· mkfs –t ext3 /dev/vgo1/lvm2
· mount /dev/vgo1/lvm2/mnt
· df
· vgdisplay
Step 13: To increase the space.
Lvextend –L 38mb /dev/vgo1/lvm2
CREATING TWO PARTITIONS
[root@lab15-22 ~]# fdisk -l
Disk /dev/hdc: 40.0 GB, 40020664320 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 4865 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/hdc1 * 1 397 3188871 6 FAT16
/dev/hdc2 398 4865 35889210 f W95 Ext'd (LBA)
/dev/hdc5 398 2631 17944573+ 7 HPFS/NTFS
/dev/hdc6 2632 2656 200781 83 Linux
/dev/hdc7 2657 3931 10241406 83 Linux
/dev/hdc8 3932 4313 3068383+ 83 Linux
[root@lab15-22 ~]# fdisk /dev/hdc
The number of cylinders for this disk is set to 4865.
There is nothing wrong with that, but this is larger than 1024,
and could in certain setups cause problems with:
1) software that runs at boot time (e.g., old versions of LILO)
2) booting and partitioning software from other OSs
(e.g., DOS FDISK, OS/2 FDISK)
Command (m for help): n
Command action
l logical (5 or over)
p primary partition (1-4)
l
First cylinder (4314-4865, default 4314): 4314+5
Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (4314-4865, default 4865): 4414
Command (m for help): n
Command action
l logical (5 or over)
p primary partition (1-4)
l
First cylinder (4415-4865, default 4415): 4415+5
Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (4415-4865, default 4865): 4514
Command (m for help): n
Command action
l logical (5 or over)
p primary partition (1-4)
l
First cylinder (4515-4865, default 4515): 4515+5
Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (4515-4865, default 4865): 4614
ASSIGNING HEX CODES FOR PARTITIONS
Command (m for help): t
Partition number (1-11): 11
Hex code (type L to list codes): l
0 Empty 1e Hidden W95 FAT1 80 Old Minix be Solaris boot
1 FAT12 24 NEC DOS 81 Minix / old Lin bf Solaris
2 XENIX root 39 Plan 9 82 Linux swap / So c1 DRDOS/sec (FAT-
3 XENIX usr 3c PartitionMagic 83 Linux c4 DRDOS/sec (FAT-
4 FAT16 <32M 40 Venix 80286 84 OS/2 hidden C: c6 DRDOS/sec (FAT-
5 Extended 41 PPC PReP Boot 85 Linux extended c7 Syrinx
6 FAT16 42 SFS 86 NTFS volume set da Non-FS data
7 HPFS/NTFS 4d QNX4.x 87 NTFS volume set db CP/M / CTOS / .
8 AIX 4e QNX4.x 2nd part 88 Linux plaintext de Dell Utility
9 AIX bootable 4f QNX4.x 3rd part 8e Linux LVM df BootIt
a OS/2 Boot Manag 50 OnTrack DM 93 Amoeba e1 DOS access
b W95 FAT32 51 OnTrack DM6 Aux 94 Amoeba BBT e3 DOS R/O
c W95 FAT32 (LBA) 52 CP/M 9f BSD/OS e4 SpeedStor
e W95 FAT16 (LBA) 53 OnTrack DM6 Aux a0 IBM Thinkpad hi eb BeOS fs
f W95 Ext'd (LBA) 54 OnTrackDM6 a5 FreeBSD ee EFI GPT
10 OPUS 55 EZ-Drive a6 OpenBSD ef EFI (FAT-12/16/
11 Hidden FAT12 56 Golden Bow a7 NeXTSTEP f0 Linux/PA-RISC b
12 Compaq diagnost 5c Priam Edisk a8 Darwin UFS f1 SpeedStor
14 Hidden FAT16 <3 61 SpeedStor a9 NetBSD f4 SpeedStor
16 Hidden FAT16 63 GNU HURD or Sys ab Darwin boot f2 DOS secondary
17 Hidden HPFS/NTF 64 Novell Netware b7 BSDI fs fd Linux raid auto
18 AST SmartSleep 65 Novell Netware b8 BSDI swap fe LANstep
1b Hidden W95 FAT3 70 DiskSecure Mult bb Boot Wizard hid ff BBT
1c Hidden W95 FAT3 75 PC/IX
Hex code (type L to list codes): 8e
Changed system type of partition 11 to 8e (Linux LVM)
Command (m for help): t
Partition number (1-11): 10
Hex code (type L to list codes): 8e
Changed system type of partition 10 to 8e (Linux LVM)
Command (m for help): t
Partition number (1-11): 9
Hex code (type L to list codes): 8e
Changed system type of partition 9 to 8e (Linux LVM)
Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered!
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
WARNING: Re-reading the partition table failed with error 16: Device or resource busy.
The kernel still uses the old table.
The new table will be used at the next reboot.
Syncing disks.
[root@lab15-22 ~]# partprobe
[root@lab15-22 ~]# fdisk -l
Disk /dev/hdc: 40.0 GB, 40020664320 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 4865 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/hdc1 * 1 397 3188871 6 FAT16
/dev/hdc2 398 4865 35889210 f W95 Ext'd (LBA)
/dev/hdc5 398 2631 17944573+ 7 HPFS/NTFS
/dev/hdc6 2632 2656 200781 83 Linux
/dev/hdc7 2657 3931 10241406 83 Linux
/dev/hdc8 3932 4313 3068383+ 83 Linux
/dev/hdc9 4314 4414 811251 8e Linux LVM
/dev/hdc10 4415 4514 803218+ 8e Linux LVM
/dev/hdc11 4515 4614 803218+ 8e Linux LVM
MAKING TWO PARTITIONS TO PHYSICAL VOLUME
[root@lab15-22 ~]# pvcreate /dev/hdc10 /dev/hdc11
Physical volume "/dev/hdc10" successfully created
Can't initialize physical volume "/dev/hdc11" of volume group "vgo1" without -ff
[root@lab15-22 ~]# pvdisplay
--- Physical volume ---
PV Name /dev/hdc11
VG Name vgo1
PV Size 2.69 GB / not usable 1.30 MB
Allocatable yes
PE Size (KByte) 4096
Total PE 688
Free PE 688
Allocated PE 0
PV UUID hw4FHq-ldVz-DDna-AsAh-y701-v4Rd-u8IaPv
--- NEW Physical volume ---
PV Name /dev/hdc10
VG Name
PV Size 784.39 MB
Allocatable NO
PE Size (KByte) 0
Total PE 0
Free PE 0
Allocated PE 0
PV UUID nwV8Br-sXuO-OztP-rEQd-aF7C-L13p-KfaNBK
MERGING PHISICAL VOLUMES TO SINGLE VOLUMES
[root@lab15-22 ~]# vgcreate /dev/vgo1
/dev/hdc10 /dev/hdc11
Physical volume '/dev/hdc11' is already in volume group 'vgo1'
Unable to add physical volume '/dev/hdc11' to volume group 'vgo4'.
[root@lab15-22 ~]# vgdisplay
--- Volume group ---
VG Name vgo1
System ID
Format lvm2
Metadata Areas 1
Metadata Sequence No 1
VG Access read/write
VG Status resizable
MAX LV 0
Cur LV 0
Open LV 0
Max PV 0
Cur PV 1
Act PV 1
VG Size 2.69 GB
PE Size 4.00 MB
Total PE 688
Alloc PE / Size 0 / 0
Free PE / Size 688 / 2.69 GB
VG UUID qIx9QB-NtUS-6JtR-0e0r-uR21-q0Xv-WJdVVG
[root@lab15-22 ~]# lvcreate -L +25mb -n /dev/vgo1/lvm2
Rounding up size to full physical extent 28.00 MB
Logical volume "lvm2" created
FORMATING THE PARTITIONS
[root@lab15-22 ~]# mkfs -t ext3 /dev/vgo1/lvm2
mke2fs 1.39 (29-May-2006)
Filesystem label=
OS type: Linux
Block size=1024 (log=0)
Fragment size=1024 (log=0)
7168 inodes, 28672 blocks
1433 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
First data block=1
Maximum filesystem blocks=29360128
4 block groups
8192 blocks per group, 8192 fragments per group
1792 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
8193, 24577
Writing inode tables: done
Creating journal (1024 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done
This filesystem will be automatically checked every 33 mounts or
180 days, whichever comes first. Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.
MOUNTING
[root@lab15-22 ~]# mount /dev/vgo1/lvm2/mnt
mount: can't find /dev/vgo1/lvm2/mnt in /etc/fstab or /etc/mtab
[root@lab15-22 ~]# mount /dev/vgo1/lvm2 /mnt
[root@lab15-22 ~]# df
Filesystem 1K-blocks Used Available Use% Mounted on
/dev/hdc7 9920592 3902072 5506452 42% /
/dev/hdc6 194442 10007 174396 6% /boot
tmpfs 123788 0 123788 0% /dev/shm
/dev/hdc8 2972236 71668 2747152 3% /home
/dev/mapper/vgo1-lvm2
27761 1377 24951 6% /mnt
[root@lab15-22 ~]# vgdisplay
--- Volume group ---
VG Name vgo1
System ID
Format lvm2
Metadata Areas 1
Metadata Sequence No 2
VG Access read/write
VG Status resizable
MAX LV 0
Cur LV 1
Open LV 1
Max PV 0
Cur PV 1
Act PV 1
VG Size 2.69 GB
PE Size 4.00 MB
Total PE 688
Alloc PE / Size 7 / 28.00 MB
Free PE / Size 681 / 2.66 GB
VG UUID qIx9QB-NtUS-6JtR-0e0r-uR21-q0Xv-WJdVVG
RESIZING THE PARTITION
[root@lab15-22 ~]# lvextend -L 38mb /dev/vgo1/lvm2
Rounding up size to full physical extent 40.00 MB
Extending logical volume lvm2 to 40.00 MB
Logical volume lvm2 successfully resized
[root@lab15-22 ~]# df
Filesystem 1K-blocks Used Available Use% Mounted on
/dev/hdc7 9920592 3902256 5506268 42% /
/dev/hdc6 194442 10007 174396 6% /boot
tmpfs 123788 0 123788 0% /dev/shm
/dev/hdc8 2972236 71668 2747152 3% /home
/dev/mapper/vgo1-lvm2
27761 1377 24951 6% /mnt
UNMOUNTING
[root@lab15-22 ~]# umount /mnt
REMOVING THE LOGICAL VOLUME
[root@lab15-22 ~]# lvremove /dev/vgo1/lvm2
Do you really want to remove active logical volume "lvm2"? [y/n]: y
Logical volume "lvm2" successfully removed
[root@lab15-22 ~]# lvdisplay
REMOVING THE VOLUME GROUP
[root@lab15-22 ~]# vgremove /dev/vgo1
Volume group "vgo1" successfully removed
[root@lab15-22 ~]# vgdisplay
REMOVING THE PHYSICAL VOLUME
[root@lab15-22 ~]# pvremove /dev/hdc10 /dev/hdc11
Labels on physical volume "/dev/hdc10" successfully wiped
Labels on physical volume "/dev/hdc11" successfully wiped
[root@lab15-22 ~]# pvdisplay
REMOVING THE PARTITIONS
[root@lab15-22 ~]# fdisk /dev/hdc
The number of cylinders for this disk is set to 4865.
There is nothing wrong with that, but this is larger than 1024,
and could in certain setups cause problems with:
1) software that runs at boot time (e.g., old versions of LILO)
2) booting and partitioning software from other OSs
(e.g., DOS FDISK, OS/2 FDISK)
Command (m for help): d
Partition number (1-11): 11
Command (m for help): d
Partition number (1-10): 10
Command (m for help): d
Partition number (1-9): 9
Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered!
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
WARNING: Re-reading the partition table failed with error 16: Device or resource busy.
The kernel still uses the old table.
The new table will be used at the next reboot.
Syncing disks.
[root@lab15-22 ~]# partprobe
[root@lab15-22 ~]# fdisk -l
Disk /dev/hdc: 40.0 GB, 40020664320 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 4865 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/hdc1 * 1 397 3188871 6 FAT16
/dev/hdc2 398 4865 35889210 f W95 Ext'd (LBA)
/dev/hdc5 398 2631 17944573+ 7 HPFS/NTFS
/dev/hdc6 2632 2656 200781 83 Linux
/dev/hdc7 2657 3931 10241406 83 Linux
/dev/hdc8 3932 4313 3068383+ 83 Linu
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